personification is when an inanimate object possess the traits of a person,
alliteration is the repetition of a consonant sound
metaphor is the likening or comparison of something with another
Simile is similar to metaphor; it is the comparison of the two different things using "like" and "as"
and finally, verbal irony is a figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant
Writers use these literal devices to make their work more meaningful and thought provoking, take "the silken tent" by Robert Frost for example, where he uses the silken tent to represent a woman which is most likely his mother. When we talk about tent, we think about a shelter, shade that is mobile supported by one or more poles, so in-other words his mom possess characteristics of a tent and vice versa. so it is personification.
Verbal irony can be used either when trying to convey a serious message across or when trying to be sarcastic. An example of verbal irony in literature is the one we can find in Hamlet. When he said " I will speak dagger to her, but use none" it means that he will tell her how he feels and wont be nice about it, but wont physically hurt her. Also another example is "Dulce Et Decorum Est" by Wilfred Owen that loosely translates to "it is good and honorable to die for your country" but the point the poem is trying to get across is totally different.
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